Analysis of Carol Ann Duffy Essay Example

Analysis of Carol Ann Duffy Paper The title of this poem is $ and is part of Carol Ann Duffys fisrt collection, Standing Female Nude which was released in 1985. The title gives no hint about what the poem may be about, except for the fact that it is about money, and in particular, American money. Instead of writing the word dollar, she chose to use the symbol instead, meaning her poem could be one that symbolises something that affects her strongly. Carol Ann Duffy was in her late twenties to early thirties when she wrote this poem, at the time she was beginning to be recognised as an extremely talented writer, and she had completed her first play Take My Husband in 1982. At first this poem seems like a stanza of nonsense but upon closer analysis it is very complex and has many meanings. It is like a song and starts off A one a two a one two three four - which can be heard by many singers and musicians at the start of a song when they are counting themselves in on a beat. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Carol Ann Duffy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Carol Ann Duffy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Carol Ann Duffy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The words are similar to that of jazz and scat singers from the forties who would use random vocals and gibberish to create melodies and rhythms without the use of instruments. The first sentence Boogie woogie chou chou cha cha chatta noogie represents the dancing associated with the music and the third sentence da doo ron da doo run doo wop a sha na are lyrics from the song Da Doo Run Run by The Crystals. Each sentence in the poem either represents a certain song or a particular music style within the blues genre. The last line ends with yeah yeah yeah which could be representive of The Beatles song She Loves You. They were one of the first of their time to use yeah yeah yeah in a song and the British music found the phrase yeah controversial at the time, just like black music at first was controversial. Carol Ann Duffy grew up in The Beatles era so it may also be homage paid to her childhood. The phrase however now is common in most songs. Though the poem looks like nonsense or even another language, it does have another language music. The poem is very musically orientated but is titled $, so Carol Ann Duffy might be trying to put across the message about how much money the music industry makes, this could be meant in a mocking way, saying that musical artists etc get so much money for singing, sometimes singing nonsense, whilst some talented poets get hardly any recognition and nowhere near as much money. But it could also mean that musicians themselves are, in their own way, poets, and their talent is of value. The fact that she decided to use scat and jazz music in the poem is important because it shows that sometimes musicians didnt make music for the money, but for joy and expression and their talent for doing so is their affluence. Carol Ann Duffy has openly stated that she considers some popular music to be vey artistic and poetic, and she has wrote songs for musicals and plays herself so it is more likely that she wrote the poem to celebrate talented people, whether they are musicians or poets, or as some people consider them, both. The poem has a lexical set of musical sounds of jazz and blues. The first line sets the image of someone about to sing or perform a piece of music and as it progresses, the onomatopoeia of the song is of percussion. The image is of someone performing either by themselves or with a crowd. The sound of this is very rhythmic, more like a song, than a poem. There is one stanza and it consists of enjambment all the way through. It is broken up by caesura and the question mark in the fifth line adds an extra playful element to the poem as if she is asking a question, however we do not know what that question is because we dont know what it means, if it does actually have a meaning. In the fifth line, it begins with um, as if the singer has forgotten their line, but it could also be part of the song because the rest of it is also nonsense in a way. There is a lot of alliteration which makes the poem flow easier, like chou chou cha chatta and shala lala lala lala There is also a lot of assonance and sibilance in the poem which adds to its pace which is very quick in some places, but slow in others. I think that this poem makes the reader feel cheerful and happy because Carol Ann Duffy has chosen to make her poem in the style of jazz and swing music, which has an upbeat rhythm that makes the listener feel good and want to dance. On the surface this poem looks like a bunch of meaningless nonsense designed to make us laugh but like many of her other poems, it has a much more significant meaning about how we buy into the music industry when sometimes its just a bunch of nonsense designed to take our money. I think this poem encourages us to look deeper into what we do. It also encourages us to think about how black people were happy and found a way to express themselves even while they were still being oppressed, and that their wealth was their talent, something people forget about these days.

Which IB Courses Can I Take Online Can I Get an Online IB Diploma

Which IB Courses Can I Take Online Can I Get an Online IB Diploma SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Wow, the world has changed a lot for us old folks who graduated in high school in 2010. While you cannot get your IB diploma or International Baccalaureate diploma online, you cantake several IB coursesonline if you are enrolled in an IB World School (I'll go into more detail on this below). In this article, I'll cover: Who can take IB courses online? Why would you want to take IB coursesonline? Do the online IB classes add to your diploma? What do you mean you can't get your IB Diploma online? How do online IB courses work? The IB courses that are not currently available The IB coursesthat are available and where to find them online. For more in-depth descriptions of what each class entails, check out our other article on IB Complete Course List of Offerings. For an in-depth overview of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (which will be helpful to understand before reading this article), check out our other article on What is the IB Program, and What are IB Classes? Who Can Take IB Courses Online? Unfortunately at this point in time, Pamoja Education (the only current provider of online IB courses) only allows students who are currently enrolled in theDiploma Programmeor theCareer-related Programmeat an IB World School (a school that offers an IB program) to take their online classes. In other words, onlystudents currently in an IB program can take IB courses online. If you are currently at an IB World School and would like to take IB courses online, contact your IB program coordinator for help with the enrollment process. Why Would You Want to Take IB Courses Online? Taking IB classes online is a great way to access IB classes that your IB world school may not currently offer. For example, if you are very passionate about Film, but your IB world school does not offer Film SL or HL, you can take IB Film SL online through Pamoja Education. Additionally, online IB courses can be great options for IB students who need a more flexible schedule. For example, if you need to get out of school early because you also play a competitive sport or need to work a job, online courses give you that flexibility. Do the Online IB Classes Add to Your Diploma? Yes, taking IB classes online will help you get your IB diploma.You can take classes from 4 of the 6 required subject groups online, and you can also complete part of the core (Theory of Knowledge class and Extended Essay) online. I will explain this in more detail below. However, at this point in time, you cannot get an IB Diploma online. What Do You Mean You Can't Get Your IB Diploma Online? You cannot get an IB Diploma online yet because you are not able to complete all of the requirements for an IB Diploma online. Some of the required classes (in Literature and Science) aren't offered online. To read more about the requirements, read our article:What is the IB Program, and What are IB Classes?. As a brief overview, to qualify to receive your IB Diploma, you must take a class from each of these six subject groups: Group 1: Language and literature Group 2: Language acquisition Group 3: Individual and societies Group 4: Science Group 5: Mathematics Group 6: Arts Yousubstitute the Group 6 requirement with an additional course from one of the other 5 groups. In addition to these classes, you must also complete the 3 requirements that make up what is known as the Core: Theory of Knowledge / TOK A class that is a mixture of philosophy and politics. It is the only class for whichdo you do not take a written exam. Extended Essay / EE A 4,000-word mini-thesis on the topic of your choosing. You must have an IB teacher supervising your work. Creativity, Action, Service / CAS hours A project that encourages students to get involved in extracurricular activities. Students must complete a creative project (such as learning to play guitar), an action project (such as learning to rock climb or play a varsity sport), and a service project (such as feeding the homeless). How Do Online IB Courses Work? To enroll in an online class, you must ask your IB program coordinator. According to Pamoja Education, "In online classrooms of approximately 25 students from around the world, teachers introduce weekly lessons, guide discussion and provide feedback to stimulate critical thinking and promote â€Å"lifelong learning† habits... Live lessons stimulate simultaneous interactions in the classroom; forums and blogs encourage students to reflect on their learning; online resources help support students in their learning; news feeds bring subjects alive within the context of current events and issues." All materials are provided online and saved online. Live lessons are saved and archived so that they can be viewed at any time. All work is submitted online, and teachers review the work and provide individual feedback.The classes are structured into a typical school year. There are 2 semesters with 2 terms in each semester with a short break between the terms. Just as most high schools have 4 quarters split into 2 semesters with a spring (and sometimes fall) break. So, what IB classes are not available online? Classes That Are Currently Available Online Group 2: Language Acquisition Classical languages SL/HL Group 3: Individual and Societies Geography SL/HL History SL/HL Philosophy HL Social and cultural anthropology SL/HL World religions SL Global Politics SL/HL Group 4: Science Biology SL/HL Computer Science SL/HL Chemistry SL/HL Design Technology SL/HL Physics SL/HL Sports, exercise and health science (SL only) The lack of these courses also prevents you from getting your IB Diploma online.You are required to take one of these courses to get your IB Diploma. Group 5: Mathematics Further Mathematics HL Mathematical studies SL Group 6: Arts Dance SL/HL Theatre SL/HL Film HL Visual Arts SL/HL Music SL/HL Classes That Are Currently Available Online and Where to Find Them All of these online classes are offered through Pamoja Education: Group 1: Language and Literature Language A: literature SL/HL Language A: language and literature SL/HL Literature and performance SL Group 2: Language Acquisition Spanish B SL Spanish ab initio Mandarin ab initio French ab initio Group 3: Individual and Societies Business management SL Business management HL Economics SL Economics HL Information technology in a global society SL Information technology in a global society HL Philosophy SL Psychology SL Psychology HL Group 5: Mathematics Mathematics: Analysis and Approaches HL Mathematics: Analysis and Approaches SL Mathematics: Applications and Interpretations HL Mathematics: Applications and Interpretations SL Group 6:Arts Film SL The Core These classes/projects are required to receive your IB diploma. Theory Of Knowledge / TOK Extended Essay / EE While this is not a class, if you are pursuing a diploma from an IB School, you will need to complete an Extended Essay. Through Pamoja Education, you can get access to an extended essay supervisor. They have over 100 teachers. What’s Next? Are you hoping to squeeze in some extra IB classes? Learn about the IB courses offered online. Studying for the SAT? Check out our complete guide to the SAT.Taking the SAT in the next month? Check out our guide to cramming. Not sure where you want to go to college? Check out our guide to finding your target school. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Effective Teaching Methods that can be Implored to Integrate a Child Essay

Effective Teaching Methods that can be Implored to Integrate a Child with Down's Syndrome into a Mainstream Primary School in Ir - Essay Example Thus, the application of qualitative research design is meant to match the requirements of the research topic, in that an in-depth understanding of the appropriate methods that teachers should apply to teach students suffering from this disorder is vital, for the benefits of the students. A vital aspect of qualitative research is that it emphasizes more on the particular case being undertaken, while making a few of general propositions (Stebbins, 2001 p60). There are various reasons as to why the research opted to apply qualitative research design. The research design is most appropriate for the topic under study, in that, qualitative research uses the natural setting as the source of information, where the settings and the environment of study is observed, described and interpreted based on neutrality (Wolcott, 1995 p25). Since the topic requires the observation of the educational needs of students suffering from Down's syndrome, and the consequent devising of the means, which the t eachers can apply to address these needs, then the research design remains most relevant for the study. ... rmation about the people and their environments, which is a necessity for this study, in that, there is a need to evaluate and understand all the relevance needs of students suffering from this disorder and the viable ways in which teachers can meet these special needs of the students. More reasons as to why qualitative research remains the most applicable method for this research, is the fact that, some aspects of study cannot be quantified. Additionally, there are those aspects, which are difficult to express in quantitative terms, such as the experiences that an individual has (Patton, 2002 p18). Therefore, qualitative research comes in handy to ensure that those relevant aspects of the study, which cannot be quantified, are investigated and their contribution to the study analyzed. Considering that fewer generalizations and assumptions are involved in qualitative research, then, it is possible to explore highly the area of study and generate hypotheses (Ziman, 2000 p86). Addition ally, the application of qualitative method ensures the comfort of the participants, in that, they are allowed to present their own ideas, information and experiences in their own words and style, which seems more appropriate to them. The advantages associate with qualitative method of study is the fact that it afforded an opportunity to deeply scrutinize the responds and obtain a deeper insight and understating regarding the nature and educational needs of children with Down's syndrome. The method allowed an opportunity to obtain advice from people who had greater experiences in dealing with the students suffering from the disorder, among them a 30-year-old girl with Down's syndrome, who have gone through the mainstream education system. Better still; the method was easier to apply in that

Neurorehabilitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Neurorehabilitation - Essay Example In addition, such programs call for intricate installations as well as competent personnel, reasonably dissimilar from the sports services provided by gymnasia as well as the like at the moment (Perez et al., 2007, p.143). Besides, numerous chronic MS patients find it exceptionally hard to depart from their homes as well as access places with the suitable facilities, thus hampering observance to programs (Perez et al., 2007, p. 144). Currently, there is no known treatment for the condition. However, various studies have suggested physiotherapy for primary progressive MS. In essence, my review critically evaluates a case report whose objective of was to present as well as test successful communal incorporation after physiotherapy intervention with a bias on enhancing autonomous workout routine in ameliorating of a person with MS. Moreover, RW (the patients’ name due to anonymity purposes), presented in this case study, is a fifty-year-old man diagnosed with progressive multiple sclerosis five years prior to self-referral to a pro bono physiotherapy clinic (Zalewski, 2007, p.40). During the intervention, RW (not his real initials) was a 58-year-old man diagnosed with primary progressive MS five years prior self-referral to a pro bono physical therapy clinic. RW reported that his inception of MS was unexpected as well as incapacitating; whilst at work as an electrician, RW underwent an unexpected electrocution that led to in inability to utilize his legs. He accepted as true he had been electrocuted in completing his work and was taken without delay to the hospital for assessment. Through consult as well as follow-up with a neurologist, he was notified that the symptoms experienced did not correlate to a potential electrocution, and he received his diagnosis of MS. RW stated that he never recovered entirely after that preliminary attack and

Red Bull False Advertising $13 million lawsuit Essay

Red Bull False Advertising $13 million lawsuit - Essay Example Although the company did not admit liability, I would like to fault its management for acting inappropriately. In my opinion, the decision of the company to use ‘Red Bull gives you wings’ as its marketing slogan was misleading. It is an unlawful action that violates Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C.A. Â § 1125(a) which considers such a statement as a violation of the law. According to the act, the slogan qualifies as a misleading advert because of its ambiguity and incompleteness that made it possible for the target clients to misunderstand and mistake it for something else. This is because the slogan did not provide all the facts about the product. Instead of disclosing all the facts that the targeted consumers should know, the slogan remained partial and incomplete. By merely stating that the consumption of the company’s brands, one gets wings, is quite complicated and can be misleading (Bangert, et al. 19).It is a very serious offense that can really affect the company sh ould any client file a suitcase for misleading advert as it happened. The slogan helped the company to appeal to and win the confidence of many clients. Besides, it capitalized on it by hiking the prices of its product since they were perceived to superior to those of its competitors. Therefore, to avoid such suitcases, the company should refrain from publishing misleading adverts (Bangert, et al. 19). In fact, all ads should comply with the Lanham Act, be simple, clear, complete and easy to comprehend.

A Study On Power Of Media

A Study On Power Of Media Gods great gift to humanity is communication. Freedom of speech is a right of every individual who have expressed their thoughts, because of their free will desires, and aspirations through the mass media (Russell, Norman and Heckler, 2004). Communicating liberally with other affirms the self-esteem and merit of each and every member of society. Freedom of phrase is vital in the achievement and growth of knowledge. Communication brings ahead a variety of ideas and information. People nowadays are well-versed and more open-minded thanks to flourishing press freedom and rising mass media here and in many parts of the world (KRCMAR and Kean, 2005). All points of view are represented in the souk of ideas and culture benefits from question about their worth. In addition, this is how media influences culture as it leaves a large shock on the individuals (Potts, Richard, Dedmon and Halford, 1996). As it has an innate power to hold and influence the total person. It leaves a sensible and lasting impact on equally the conscious and subconscious. While media informs and educates, it also corrupts and exploits, leading it to adjoin to the moral disgrace of society (Russell, Norman and Heckler, 2004). Medias function in society is to update, educate, and amuse. It tells the truth and provides optimistic motivation that can build up descriptions and reputations the right way. Therefore, media has contributed deeply in ways that both enlighten and supplement society, but in additional ways have deteriorated and perplexed it. It is not a shock to learn, then, that media is the most powerful source of information, and nothing else in todays world influences public insight as heavily (Salzman, Philip 1993). Media in the Philippine is simply a sign, an outgrowth, and a mirror of society as a whole. In spite of everything, media has been thought to have such a great authority over people. But, rather than performing its work in society, media has strayed, having a more harmful than constructive implication. It destroys descriptions and reputations, covers up the truth, stimulates negatively, and imparts the wrong messages (Anderson, Eugene, Fornell, and Lehmann, 1994). Moreover, people practice a freedom of the press that becomes a flood of contradictory information and opinion. It confuses even as it is thought to inform, it assails the sanity even as it is thought to cleanse them, it entertains more than it enlightens, it gossips more than it informs (Salzman and Philip, 1993). Media has become ethically and ingeniously bankrupt. Media shows no ethics and morals and the substance is packed with no other topic but aggression and sex. As a result, media mirrors society by reflecting it as a society with little ethics, with offense, sex, and pornography. It contributes to the nationwide breakdown and the moral disgrace of society. It has dishonored and broken the freedom of the press (Miller, 1995). Media teaches by means of sensations and descriptions that leave a superior effect on the youth. People become victims of medias misuse as they are being inclined for the bad. Because of the influences that shape the subconscious, all forms of media should be taken more significantly so as to prevent harmful effects (Potts, Richard, Dedmon and Halford, 1996). 1.2 Modern Media The medias main impact is psychological and intellectual. Media and entertainment companies form public opinion and assist in framing the terms of public discussion. The media is what we interpret, listen to and observe. In equivalent, through its close affiliation with advertisers, the media also exerts a great influence on the decisions we put together, the products we buy, and the kind of questions we put when we make our daily choices (Gerbner, 1990). The long view of the past proves medias power by presentation that the medium itself, in the extended run, is more influential than the messages it carries, because the medium determines what can be communicated and how we imagine about that communication (Potts, Richard, Dedmon and Halford, 1996). Television, radio stations, newspapers, magazines, and internet sites are mainly owned by profit-making businesses. 1.3 Changing Media Values, Study of Pakistan Media is one of the significant organs in forming national identities. For the last ten years media in subcontinent is conquered by India. To begin with the domination was in the form of movies but once the advent of satellite television they have altered the lives of people of subcontinent (Malhotra, Iqbal 2000). Following the liberalization of Indian media Indian satellite channels principally entertainment channels were launched swiftly. This all started in 90s, at that time rest of the countries of South Asia together with Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka etc were far behind India. Through that era they all were relying on national televisions. Television programming was going to full circle now. It started of with Doordarshan. Then comes satellite television. From local content it becomes more national (Sonwalkar. Prasun, 2001). Public of these countries were not having any right of entry to moderate media like Zee TV or Star TV Asia. Indian entrepreneurs just took benefit of this fact and launched plethora of satellite channels one by one. In 1999 Pakistani government allowed private television and radio channels to be aired from the soil of Pakistan, until this time Pakistani audience were used to Indian entertainment. Pakistani government tried to vanish Indian satellite channels from the TV lounges of regular Pakistani family in the course of imposing bar on Indian satellite channels, but they were unsuccessful (Gholam Khiabany, 2003). In this age of Globalization the majority of the regions are affected by commercialization and uneven stream of Information. The worst victims of Globalization are developing countries those are victims of uneven stream of information from urban countries. In South Asia case is totally different, this region is dominated by India, which itself still comes in the category of emergent country. The thought of writing this text is to write something about non-western world (Sardar, Ziauddin 1993). India is improving in media industry, this is not only influencing Indian society but also its influence stretched to its neighbors, Pakistan Bangladesh, Nepal and even Sri Lanka is reliant on their media (David and Crawley, 2001). Language and ethnicity played important function in the growth of Indian Media industry, Urdu language bind India and Pakistan. Everyone in Pakistan understands Urdu, and there is no visible difference in Hindi and Urdu. Elites of Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka always speak about cultural imperialism of India. Pakistani government tried to stop this influence by banning Indian channels in Pakistan, but Pakistani people are now more inclined to Indian media. Zee TV, Sony and Star Plus (Indian Satellite Channels) have penetrated in the upper middle class Pakistani homes as never before (Sonwalkar. Prasun, 2001). According to UNESCO India is the lowest importer of Television programs, only 8 percent of the programming showed on television in 1990 was imported from abroad. Indian satellite channels dispersed from the control room of cable operator to the subscriber home, not only shows film and television dramas but also showed political and supplementary events to grip advertising (David and Crawley, 2001). The soap opera culture which was in fact western idea was ideally adopted by Star Plus. In nineties while Indian media liberalized from the control of Door Darshan, and star network began there satellite channels, then primarily star network laid the foundation of westernized form of entertainment. Like Stars Channel V, Zees Music Asia channel is a booming indigenized adaptation of Western models such as MTV and Channel V (Mowlana Hamid, 1996). Going on in step with the liberalization of the market, television has brought about a liberalization of culture inside India over the past decade. This has meant, on one hand, admission to sources of news and entertainment not controlled by government but, on the other hand, exposure to a tele-visual culture at odds with conventional norms and morals (Gholam Khiabany, 2003). Yet as it may have been Western programs such as The Bold and the Beautiful that led this cultural invasion, the resulting competition for audiences has clearly been won by those channels that have developed programs based on Indian accepted culture, mainly film and film music, and have normally been able to indigenize the worldwide forms of commercial television. Indian satellite television networks particularly Star Plus have cached the overseas formats and tried with the Hindi versions. Kyon kai saas bhi kabhi bahu thi(Indian satellite channel Star Plus famous soap opera) is most prominent soap opera in South Asia (John Ellis, 2000). In South Asia soap opera culture was introduced by Zee TV, in 1992 Tara (Zee TV Soap opera) was first and praised by community all across South Asia. Before soap opera Pakistani Dramas were very famous, but due to soap opera traditions the whole television drama creation industry is on the edge of fall down. Even Pakistani satellite channels are replication same format. This is the sequence of globalization, Indian media engaged western structure of entertainment and they experimented (Butcher, 2003). Indian television programs and films are integral part of Pakistani society. Over the years through videos and TV, there has been an recognition of Indians as similar people, so it would be very hard to get rid of Indian videos and TV programs from Pakistani society. The accessibility of international television channels by means of satellite at the start of the 1990s forced the liberalization of a television market formerly held as a national monopoly by the state broadcaster Doordarshan. There remain important technical boundaries on the degree to which television can give out as the stage on which new convergent information services can be delivered (Banerjee, 2002). As language and region increasingly dominate media content and viewership, concept of Imperialism and hegemony acquires new meanings in localized settings. Language and traditions played important role in the development of Indian Media industry, Urdu language bind India and Pakistan. Everybody in Pakistan understands Urdu, and there is no visible dissimilarity in Hindi and Urdu. Elites of Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka at all times talk about cultural imperialism of India. Pakistani government tried to prevent this persuade by banning Indian channels in Pakistan, but Pakistani people are now more inclined to Indian media (Butcher, 2003). Zee TV, Sony and Star Plus (Indian Satellite Channels) have penetrated in the upper middle class Pakistani homes as never before. The coming of Satellites television has posed peculiar problems for the official custodians of Pakistani culture because it has breached the ideological boundaries of the state in a much more intensive way then ever before (David Page and William Crawley, 2001). 1.4 Importance of this research: Media industry (drama/soaps) in Pakistan is at it growing stage and due to the reason it lacks many important resources in terms of capital and infrastructure it gets dependant on the copy art and starts taking influences from the neighboring countries. Such research would be able to highlight different aspects of the industry and the weakness that are the causes of the failure to capture the audience. Similarly how these weaknesses can be tempered and taken care of. Efforts can be put on those areas for improvement. This research will benefit the producers that are produce dramas/soaps, the production companies and the TV channels involved in this area. Pakistani industry has a lot of talent in terms of the human resource but they are not being utilized at the potential. By highlighting the issues and their remedies one can easily understand how to improve the quality of the product. 1.5 Theoretical Framework and Research Question The reason to conduct this research was to study and understand the correlation between the connectedness with the program while watching any TV program. This research will try to identify the existence of any sort of relation between the viewership and the connectedness of an individual with the program. In order to prove such relationship the frequency of viewership will be questioned and level of connectedness with the program will be analyzed. In this research five variables have been taken into consideration for studying the relationship between connectedness and the viewership of the program as proposed by (Russell, Norman and Heckler, 2004): Escape Modeling Aspiration Imitation Fashion The current media situation in Pakistan Entertainment sector is that producers of the dramas/soaps have an understanding of what the viewer wants to see. This comes from the high involvement of Pakistani viewer in the Indian dramas/soaps. Due to this producers are producing content that is in turn a copy of the Indian dramas/soaps. If we see this from the perspective of a viewer there is lesser viewership of Pakistani entertainment channels as compared to Indian channels, then why is the producer producing such content? There is a gap in the understanding of the viewer and the producer of the dramas/soaps in Pakistan. We can study this by studying the television viewing and the factors that are influencing the viewer to watch on program more than the other. Connectedness is a newly developed construct of audience viewing behavior, and it proposed to be one of the important antecedents of audience satisfaction with positive relationships. We will find out if the viewer is willing to watch any other content on the Pakistani channel and can relate to it. In order to analyze the correlation between the connectedness and the frequency of viewership following Hypotheses are being proposed: Frequency of viewing a particular program has no relationship with the time spent in watching television. Frequency of viewing a particular program has no relation with the connectedness of the program Connection with the favorite particular program has no relationship with the number of hours an individual spends in front of a TV. 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Television viewership Robinson in a studies concluded that television seems to have a superior influence on the structure of daily life than any other novelty in this century (Gabriel Weimann, Hans-Bernd Brosius and Mallory, 1992). Television has altered the daily life of more people in this century then any other medium or discovery. In a US poll, 68 percent stated that watching television was their main resource of enjoyment (Gabriel Weimann, Hans-Bernd Brosius and Mallory, 1992). Children are watching television as a firm routine around the age of two and a half and a typical mature or child watching an average of two to three hours per day more time that they utilize on any other activity except working and sleeping. No wonder that this influential medium has become one of the principles of modern culture (Jeanette K. Chan, Marcia Ellis, and Auria Styles, 2005). Moreover, adults are thought to obtain their images of actual and ideal truth and it also interacts with the childrens developing perceptions of reality, both on a communal and individual level (Jennifer M, Lawrie 1998). The last decade had witnessed noteworthy changes in the media system of many societies. The development of the cable television , undeviating broad casting satellites, teletext and additional broadcast television joined existing competitors for audience attention time, money and pleasure.( Lin, Carolyn A. 1993). Watching television is today more than ever a significant attribute of the modern life, capturing a major slice of our spare time. This has led quite a few scholars of mass communication to draw their attention towards television-its content, construction, usage as well as outcomes and control. 2.2 Media globalization: An Indian perspective It is not an understatement to say that the 1990s have been moderately vital to the conversion of Indian media networks and industries. Considering the fact, that the Indian media for a long time was principally restricted national wide . Indian cinema had active regional division networks in Africa, the USSR, South East Asia, and the Middle East, but here the cultural broadcast of the Hindi film greatly outweighed any severe economic returns in comparison to Hollywood, or what was to approach in the 1990s. Television only advanced after the 1980s, with a huge state network that crossed the country boundries. The 1980s were no doubt important as cassette culture changed the music industry and outweighed the iron grip of international music forms that had conquered the old LP record business. As Peter Manuels work shows, cassette culture drew new markets, created new artists and music forms, and enormously expanded the market (Ravi Sundaram, 2005). Thus the media bang of the 1990s, generally going under globalization, was not without a background, but was obvious by a mixture of both media forms and temporal stepping up. Within a few years India experienced satellite cable television advancing from just a a few to a total of 80 channels, and the increase of other media in the shape of cassettes, CDs, VCDs, MP3s, and DVDs. Media ownership was enormously varied. New empires came up from satellite television, going into circulation, and later on into film production. For the most part television circulation remained extremely erratic; cable was largely retailed by minor independent group of actors in the neighborhoods. By the late 1990s, multi-service providers came forward, pushed by large television networks contributing franchises to local troupes, but this only enlarged difference at the local level between competitors. Mostly, cable distribution stays in the informal zone and a source of disagreement over intellectual possess ions. In the music sector, a huge new production network now exists in the informal subdivision, producing a range of remixes, religious, crossovers and versions of registered film music. The larger companies have tremendously profited by lowered costs of manufacture and the capability of the small company to immediately respond to musical tastes and produce new artistes. Film music, once a leading part of the market (80%) has witnessed its share slipping slowly, at any tempo piracy makes market control impossible (Ravi Sundaram, 2005). In the case of Bombay, the picture remains unclear with the industry moving from crisis to crisis. Most of the expression seems to be against piracy as a reason for losses, but the quality of wordings has been declining, a constant objection in the industry. This situation has led to a small opening for new medium-budget productions with new actors and directors. Concisely, we can differentiate the media in India from the 1990s whose relationship can at best be described as permeable. At one level are the new media enteritis: the business owners of satellite television channels, large software industries located in the techno-cities of Bangalore and Hyderabad, and the advertising companies in Bombay. The great software companies have been the most gainful in the stock market, and operate in real time with Western companies, and hire thousands of programmers. The second level is the huge and vibrant informal and often illegal media zone of urban India, which has, practically, retailed the new cultural group to the group of citizens. This includes the thousands of small cable television networks, millions of publicly operated phone booths in neighborhoods, street music sellers, pirate and non-copyright media producers, and public internet entrà ©e points (Sonwalkar. Prasun, 2001). In India especially Delhi, a considerable part of the media experience of the 1990s emerged from networks that were part of this society of the copy, a world that I have called pirate modernity. Pirate modern culture transformed production and movement of commodities using the ill-legal media copy as a major form for producing and reproducing products in the city. In Delhi the media copy exists in a balanced relationship with all other objects and industries: clothes, cosmetics, medicine, household goods, and also car and machine parts. As is clear, copy ethnics pits piracy right into a global social disagreement on definitions of property (Ninan, 2004). Media and film research in India has now given way to chronological and modern studies, as well as digital networks and the upcoming industrial form of the media itself. Research is at an initial stage, but given the seriousness of the task and an extensive list of issues, some thrilling interventions should be predictable in the next few years (Ravi Sundaram, 2005). An efflorescence of the media in India during the 1990s, mostly in television has changed the south Asian media. After the innovation of the overseas channels declined in the early 1990s, Indian channels strengthened their position, experienced highest viewers rating and enforced foreign channels to significantly adopt local programming. The late 1990s supplemented a new aspect with region/language-specific channels. Besides, Indian media products are gradually being viewed as cultural imperialism within South Asia similar to as the western products were during 1960s-70s. Indias media power and effervescence appears to pose some tests to the trope of media imperialism (Prasun Sonwalkar, 2001). The concept of media-scape as battle ground is often suggested in economic terms, but this can well de broadened to politics as well, as the situation in South Asia. For example, cream of Pakistan, Nepal Bangladesh and Sri Lanka not normally speak of Indian cultural imperialism. Zee TV and Sony have entered into the upper middle class Pakistani homes as never before (Amit Baruah, 2000). As Pakistans information minister, Javed Jabbar, put in I am worried about the pressure of Indian satellite television on our people (Sanjaya Baru, 2000). Foreign channels like Star TV were first to affect in the early 1990s, but its initial uneasiness of a cultural invasion appeared lost as their viewership declined when local channels like Zee came up. In 1992 viewers switched to channels with programs that closer to their culture. This is obvious from the program-based viewer-ship examples across eight major Indian cities. This however, this let down most foreign channels to make a good ranking. Many viewers seemed to decline Indian channels like Doordarshan, Zee TV or Sony (Prasun Sonwalkar, 2001). This has enforced major overseas channels like Star TV to initiate Hindi language programming. According to, Patrick Cross (BBC worlds managing director), additional programs in Hindi were going to be introduced. This was the first time that BBC World was going to broadcast in aregional language anywhere in the world (Anjan Mitra, 2000). According to Peter Mukerjea (CEO, Star India), they had to get into regional language programs in India and speak the tongue that the Indians were at ease in (Anjan Mitra, 2000). Furthermore, Star TV reintroduced their programming by moving popular English-language soaps like Santa Barbara, Baywatch and Bold and the Beautiful to Star world to make way for Hindi shows (Prasun Sonwalkar, 2001). Doordarshan had dominated the market before 1991, but the growing attractiveness of satellite channels has affected its returns even though it sustained its vast viewership (Hasan Suroor, 2000). In 1992, the Indians were alarmed that a cultural invasion could take place, but it was an out-vasion which occured. Sony and Zee are viewed in some African countries, in the Middle East, the UK and Europe, and Star Plus is streaming across Asia. Each one of them represented what is relevant to Indians (Iqbal Malhotra, 2000). Not only the entertainment channels but also the Indian news channels receive normal response in the newsroom from many spectators and politicians in Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, the Philippines, etc. who regularly call up newsrooms to comment on news stories which are live or offer suggestions for coverage (Prasun Sonwalkar, 2001). In conclusion is can be said that, the western communication of cultural/media imperialism comes in for a dispute even as national continues to be a key determinant in the cultural scene thats permits new language and regional force to appear within and across nation states due to new media and trends in communications technology (Prasun Sonwalkar, 2001). 2.3 Soap Operas and Gossip Soap operas are extremely accepted cultural forms, attracting more than 10 million viewers daily, the majority of which are females. From the economic point of view, they produce significant profits for the network (Hasan Suroor, 2000). Regardless of their abilities to draw large number of audiences and to produce large profits, soap operas have long been seen as an object of disrespect. One of the criticisms leveled at soap operas is that they are slow-paced. Soap operas are multifaceted, with large characters and plot lines which build up slowly over large periods of time. Viewers tend to get emotionally involved to the characters in a soap opera (Hasan Suroor, 2000). Viewers themselves penetrate vicariously into the imaginary soap opera community. There are many long-term audiences, some of whom have been watching soap operas for as long as 35 years. Soap operas are planned around a cylindrical cycle of the real world in which viewers live. The lives of characters run corresponding to the lives of viewers in time. Thus it is the time not plot which comes to control the description process (Hasan Suroor, 2000). The organization of time and the durability of certain characters, allows the viewers to turn into very familiar with the characters histories, well ahead of the time-frame of any one episode. These histories are reactivated in the minds of long-time viewers in scenes where the characters talk about the implications of a particular occasion or action. Scenes filled with gossip are in fact essential to how events on soap operas are interpreted by audiences (Hasan Suroor, 2000). Gossip among characters and a soap opera to give the viewers a running commentary on the action, providing information and details about the latest facts of the plots. It helps bind together various plots and characters so that the audiences can interpret how an action will affect other characters not directly involved in the plot, giving a certain plot line a depth (Hasan Suroor, 2000). The intensity of this model complexity is evident at a soap opera wedding, funeral, and other traditional events, allowing audiences to revive memorial events of their own minds. Viewers of soap operas tend to talk about its characters as if they were real people and also have a tendency to get personal about them (Hasan Suroor, 2000). The wider fame of soap operas extends discussion ahead of the television and into the categories through which people live through the dialogue they excite in the media. In these ways, we see that the idle talk (gossip) in and generated by soap operas has a superior impact on our lives then previously envisioned (Hasan Suroor, 2000). Americans watch a lot of television; a study conducted in 1978 indicates that for a U.S. household, he television set is on an average of six hours and eleven minutes daily. At the same time as TV Audience program preferences are rationally well documented, the base for these preference lies in what the viewer is offered. Thus, an understanding of the quantitative rate and the qualitative content of what programs are available (the menu) is a qualification to a more complete understanding and conceptualization of what the audience prefers. Clearly, prime time is vital to the network. The program lineups assembled for this time period have been manufactured and designed to attract most viewership. Although less commercials minutes per hour are permitted in prime time, the actual dollars per second are much more expensive during these hours than any other times due to large number of audiences (Mazzarella, 2003). For the network programmer, critical attention must be given to the calculated succession of the shows during the prime time. Successful television programming involves far more than simply arriving at come capricious sequence of program product. Of course, networks want to collect large, static audience for their prime time line-ups. There is also a desire to constantly increase ones own audience size. 2.4 Television Audience Satisfaction To help increase the efficiency of television broadcasting and advertising, studies have been conducted on audience viewing manners by investigating the background and consequences of audience satisfaction of television programs. Consumer satisfaction has long been recognized as a vital concept as well as an significant goal of all business activities (Anderson, Fornell, and Lehmann, 1994). High consumer satisfaction has many paybacks for the firm, such as amplified consumer loyalty, enhanced firm reputation, condensed price elasticity, etc. comprehension of its importance has resulted in a proliferation of research on consumer contentment over the past few decades (Anton, 1997). Considering television programs as products, media researchers study audience liking and satisfaction from the marketing perspective. The audience activity constructs as an dominant factor in the gratification-seeking course and examines the viewing motives, activities, and satisfaction of adolescents (Lin, 1993). In addition to studying audience satisfaction from the viewpoint of viewers behavior, it is no doubt that TV programs presentation should play a role in audience satisfaction. Rather than studying the performance at product level, Gardial et al. (1994) point out that consumers are more likely to eevaluate of their post-purchase practice of satisfaction at an attribute level. An attribute-based approach enables researchers to conceptualize usually practical phenomena, such as consumers experiencing assorted feelings toward a product or service. An attribute-level approach to satisfaction affords managers a superior level of specificity and analytical usefulness compared with the product level or overall approach. The link between products attribute-level presentation and overall satisfaction has been considered by many marketing researchers (Mittal, Ross, and Baldasare, 1998; Oliva, Oliver, and Bearden, 1995). When adopting such a concept on an audience satisfaction study, we can say that a TV programs performance at quality level is one of the significant antecedents of audience satisfaction. When examining the theoretical and logical significance of the link between attribute-level performance and overall satisfaction, it is vital to recognize that the relationship could be asymmetric according to the well-known prospect theory (Kahneman and Tversky, 1979), which postulates that peoples judgments show loss aversion. Psychologically, a one-unit loss is weighted more than an equal amount of gain. On the basis of this theory, we propose: Connectedness is a recently developed construct of audience viewing behavior, and it is projected to be one of the important antecedents of audience satisfaction with optimistic relationship. Study confirms the legitimacy of connectedness and supports it as an antecedent of audience satisfaction. 2.5 Behavioral measures of television audience appreciation Study on audience reactions to television programs dates back to the 1960s. A variety of private research firms and public broadcasters

Sexual Predators :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Sexual Predators Childhood is supposed to be a time of discovery and play, not abuse. Was there ever such a world? Sexual predators have been lurking this planet for decades; now they're being marked for life because of there actions. Neighbors and the home towns of sexual predators are being alerted of their crimes and whereabouts by local police. Such towns have responded by putting up signs in their town, "CHILD MOLESTER TWO DOORS DOWN" (Popkin, pg 73). Others responded by burning or flooding their new neighbors out (Popkin). What did these convicted criminals do to deserve such punishment? They violated the most precious living creature on this planet, a child. Communities definitely have a right to know that a dangerous child molester is moving to their town. Child molesters have been convicted, charged and sentenced for their crimes for many years. Maybe people already have one as their next door neighbor. Do people really know the people they live by so well, that they would leave their own child with them? Also, if they had a legal right to, would they check out their neighbor's history at the police office, or trust them? In the summer of 1994, seven-year-old Megan Kanka was kidnapped, raped, then killed by convicted child molester Jesse Timmendequas. Her story started many parents to question the safety of their own children. The outraged community was never informed that Timmendequas and two other convicted child abusers had moved in across the street from Megan (Megan Kanka). Megan's death lit her parents' fires to do something about notifying communities of convicted child molesters. They began to lobby for "Megan's Law", a law that would require immediate community notification of convicted child abusers, who were living in their area (Popkin). Some critics contend that the law is unconstitutional because it adds additional punishment to offenders (Megan's Unfinished Legacy). Other critics say that it would drive predators into hiding and away from seeking counsel. Child molester Scott Murphy said, "Without counseling, you're the same person when you go to jail as when you get out"(Popkin, pg.73). Before the passing of the law, a group of offenders appealed the judges' ruling that the notification was unconstitutional because it's intended to protect children, not further punish criminals (Megan's Unfinished Legacy). The law was passed. The biggest problem that police officers face is determining which released sex offenders are the most dangerous.

Black Is Beautiful Essay

When you hear the word black what comes to mind? Some individuals think of it as a color. Other may think of it as depressing, dismal, wicked, evil, or just a sign of hatred. My definition is the total opposite. The essence of the word black displays a strong feeling of prosperity, deliverance and all the characteristics of what us; the black people have overcome for many decades. Words can’t even describe how grateful I am to be apart of this dynamic culture. To me the word black describes a thriving culture of beautiful and unique individuals. Starting with the period of slavery the black race has suffered tremendously from harsh and cruel treatment, but we managed to overcome. The black race is responsible for the wide spread of many sub-cultures to the U. S. and around the world. For instance, in the 1920s blacks were playing jazz music in nights clubs around New Orleans. This type of music caught the attention of whites and soon spread to big cities like Chicago and New York, were there was frenzy for jazz music. In this point of time, hip-hop music has touch many people from around the world like: China, India, and even places like Kuwait. The people in these countries don’t only embrace the hip-hop music but they embrace this way of life. They go to extreme lengths; changing the tradition of how they were raised to talk, dress, and act. Pg. 2. I feel that we the black people are one of a kind in many ways. The black women are some of the most strong-mined women I know. They have this certain mentality about their selves that I just can’t get enough of. From the fullness of their lips to their nice shape hips, I adore the black women in every way. Black men are some the most athletic beings I know. I not saying that we are dominated over all races but, if you look at the NBA, NFL, and other sports like track blacks dominate in skill and numbers. At times being a man of this skin tone is hard due to stereotypes placed on the black race. We all steal, sell drugs, and kill at will. Despite these stereotypical insights that we receive from others that don’t fell the same about this beautiful race, we keep our heads up and strive for the best. Black is beautiful, no matter what anyone says. God creates all of his children the way he wishes; neither one of us are the same. We all are beautiful people no matter what race. It is just up to you to realize it.

Summary of Apollo 13 essays

Summary of Apollo 13 essays In the beginning of Apollo 13 it was announced that President Kennedy had just recently launched the space program. Everyone was gathering on July 20, 1969 to watch Neil Armstrong be the first man to step foot on the moon on the Apollo 11. John Lovell was an astronaught for NASA and was in line after Apollo 12 to land on the moon. As it turns out the crew that was ahead of Johns crew got canceled. So John along with Ken Mattigan and Fred Hayes were set to be the next people to land on the moon. The men had to go into months of preparation for the launch. Everyone in the world was so glad about the first mission and beating the Russians to the moon that no one really was paying attention to the next mission. April 11, 1970 was the launch date for Apollo 13. Everyone at NASA was nervous since it was the unlucky number 13. Two days prior to the launch of Apollo 13 the scientists informed John that Ken Mattigan was going to have measles. The director of NASA told Jim either the backup pilot Jack Swiger was going to take over or everyone was going to be replaced. John broke the news to Ken who of course didnt take it well. Jack was called up and was ecstatic about being chosen. Johns wife told him she didnt want to be at the launch. She hated the agony of the wait. However there was a day before the launch where everyone saw their families one last day. What was interesting was that they couldnt touch them for they didnt want them taking germs into space. The boys were ready to launch on April 11 and were suited up and getting into the rocket. The launch was successful and they got into space with no real hitch. However, when they got into space their number five engine failed. It was not a problem so they just continued on. John Lovell said that was our glitch for this mission. The hard part for Jack was to line up the ship with the lunar module. He however did it successfully. The boys then had a camer...

Coursework Writing

Coursework Writing Coursework writing tips will help the students write their courseworks effectively in an academic manner. Those who dont have time may contact our coursework writing service. What Is a Coursework? Coursework refers to writing essays and other types of papers such as reports, project writing, book reviews or other forms of case studies. It can include a varied range of undertakings such as hands-on practice, experimentation, and research work. Coursework is generally graded and there are exams periodically through the coursework cycle that test what one has learned. Sometimes instead of exams, educators allow students to complete the coursework over a period of time and can use study guides, notes, and the Internet to research the topics. Coursework writing is very important and requires a lot of preparation. Below are some course work writing tips that might be useful for college students. Coursework Writing Tips: Structure and Outline 1. Any assignment must be directly related to the educational track being undertaken and relevant to the learning objectives to be achieved. 2. Think about all the possible activities that could be utilized to achieve the most beneficial learning experience. 3. If coursework predominantly involves writing an essay, there should always be a clear understanding of the question being asked. The preliminary reading on the topic at hand is always a good first step. It will help to organize ideas and plan any relevant research to gather pertinent information. Ultimately the plan of work should include main points that will form the basis of the hypothesis to be proven or rejected. Taking notes will allow you to clearly list main points to be discussed, and comprehend what has been read.   4. Identify the page of the resource that the note was taken from for future references in your coursework. 5. Develop a system to store any research notes and other applicable documentation. A system of file folders or some other electronic filing system would work best. 6. When structuring a coursework essay, it should consist of an introduction that lays out the question to be examined and the direction the essay will go. Second, the discussion develops the logical argument to prove or disprove the question. Last the conclusion of the coursework brings together thoughts into a very succinct summary. Weve got a great and FREE  APA Referencing Tool. Check it out in case you are to write your coursework using APA referencing format. Coursework Writing: What Is Important? Coursework encompasses a general framework, that when followed will result in the best grades and the most efficient learning process to retain the information studied. When writing the  course works the following should be included: 1. Document Resources and Provide References Quality coursework requires that references and resources be fully documented which may include slides, relevant handbooks done by others, online studies and studies conducted in an academic setting. The more data that is sourced the more relevant and useful the coursework will be. 2. Evaluation and Study Evaluation of the materials gathered is of utmost importance to determine whether all the information is relevant to the coursework topic at hand. After proper evaluation, one must study the materials to draw out that which will be most beneficial in developing the final product to be produced. 3. Writing and Editing After proper evaluation and study, the writer can then begin to develop the actual essay or other written material to be produced. As the process unfolds, there will be revisions of what was written, with additions and deletions occurring regularly. Headings and sub-headings will be developed as the writers  develop  their thoughts and ideas to best reflect the topics to be discussed and presented. There will be moments of writer’s block. Don’t worry about it. Leave the section being written and start another. Fresh ideas may come when new thoughts are developed for subsequent sections. Coursework Writing: the Dos and Donts Due to the independent nature of the coursework, many students tend to take the opportunity for granted and don’t realize how important it is to make steady, incremental progress toward completion of the tasks at hand. There sometimes is a very aloof attitude that a student has that they can complete under pressure at the last moment. Sometimes this works and a student will produce some of their best work under this pressure scenario. However, more often than not, the end result is a shoddy product that is not well thought out and could have been a much better product if the requisite time had been spent to complete it. There are some do’s and don’ts that should be adhered to when completing a coursework: Writing and completing the  course works can be a very challenging experience for students and other in a learning environment. Some students are bogged down with a lot of classes and cannot spend the quality time that they should be spending on a project. There are some writing services that will do the project for a student with their direction and guidance. Make sure the service can provide the quality product you seek. Look at who the service hires to write coursework and that they have requirements that any writer passes multiple and difficult custom tests to prove their experience. If you are lack of time or have no idea of what and how to write in your coursework, our coursework writing service is able to give you advises and help. If you are ready to let us working on your coursework Place an Order.

Politics of the knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Politics of the knowledge - Essay Example In the book â€Å"Way of Knowing†, the Jonathon Moses and Torbjom Knutsen have described both logics in a simple manner and its effect on human behavior with respect to their social and political domains. Contextually, both logics have constituted strong patterns within the nature of human beings. As described in the book, â€Å"Naturalism† focuses only laws of nature wherein it creates a belief that nature is the ultimate source of living. Accordingly, the reading described these two logics with the help of god and giant. God is represented as â€Å"Naturalism† and Giant is represented as â€Å"Constructivism†. As argued in the book, traditional values and beliefs have altogether made social and political patterns complex and unreasonable for modern society. Therefore, social science can help to break these two logics and make the social and political patterns of modern culture more worthy. According to the stated book, social science can change the socia l and political patterns of traditional culture and develop a modern culture that would further help the philosophers of the social sciences domain to create new patterns. From the above discussion, it can be accordingly comprehended that social science makes the traditional logic more complex for social and political patterns. With the help of modern social science, both logics can be reconstructed that will further make the social and political patterns more worthy for the

Foundations of scholarship&research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Foundations of scholarship&research - Essay Example This paper examines the basis for business ethics and zooms in to examine the realities in the international markets and why organisations fail to honour the high ethical standards they observe in their home countries (especially in Europe and North America) when they operate in poorer nations like Latin America, Africa, Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia. The paper examines the history of international business from colonial times. It looks at the elements of colonialism that discouraged ethical behaviour in international trade and also traces this to business in the modern era. It then goes to critically evaluate the reasons why ethical behaviour varies across the globe. This is followed by a practical analysis of how non-ethical acts are perpetrated by multinationals in the real world. The paper ends with recommendations for improvements in observing ethical behaviour amongst international businesses. Every human being and entity has two inalienable rights: the rule against bias and the need for fair hearing in judicial matters (Harris & Partington, 1999). This concept has become the basis on which constitutions and judicial systems around the globe have been founded. It is now the basis of best practices in most transactions and operations of entities around the globe. However, the way it is practised around the globe varies considerably. People and entities are required in all situations to treat other people with fairness and equality. When other people are accused of doing the wrong thing, they have the right to a fair trial and this is a two-way thing. With organisations and businesses being entities, they are expected to observe these laws of natural justice in all aspects of their operation. Organisations are legal entities that have the right to sue and be sued (Harris & Partington, 1999). Effectively, organisations/businesses take inputs from the society, process them and sell them out to external parties (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington,